Medical Clearance for Implant Procedures: A Physician’s Perspective

Learn the best practices from a physician’s perspective for implementing a more effective process for getting medical clearance for dental procedures.

June 25, 2026
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Robert J. Resnik, MD, MBA
Medical Clearance for Implant Procedures: A Physician’s Perspective

Medical clearance is a critical component of dental implant care, yet it is often misunderstood or poorly executed. Physicians frequently encounter incomplete or inadequate requests from dental practices, including missing clinical details, unclear surgical timelines, and in some cases, no formal clearance documentation at all. Without a structured and thorough medical clearance process, implant procedures can become unpredictable, increasing the risk of complications and exposing both dentists and patients to avoidable harm.

It’s important to understand medical clearance from a dentist’s perspective, but the two-way communication required for this process makes understanding the physician’s perspective just as imperative. First, let’s establish a clear definition of medical clearance, and what aspects of it differ from the physician’s point of view.

Medical Clearance for Dental Implant Surgery

Medical clearance from a patient’s physician is commonly requested before dental implant surgery to ensure the patient is medically safe to be receiving that specific treatment. It requires a written consent form that’s completed after the physician has assessed their patient is clear to undergo the procedure. Here’s an overview of the most important things to remember about medical clearance:

Medical Clearance for Dental Implant Surgery

What dentists might not understand is that from a physician’s perspective, medical clearance is based on different medical guidelines that don’t account for dental surgery specifics like hemostatic control, osteonecrosis, or anesthetics.

Based on a survey of physicians, risk for dental procedures gets stratified into three categories: low, moderate and high.

  1. Low risk: 85% of physicians view a procedure like single-implant placement as low risk.
  2. Moderate risk: This level of risk is associated with multiple implants.
  3. High risk: Procedures like sinus lifts and bone grafting are at the high end of risk.

These broad risk classifications are the guidelines many physicians use, so without more specific information dental clearance is viewed by physicians with less nuance. This inherent gap is what leads to poorly informed clearances that can put patients — and dental practices — at risk. 

Medical Clearance: The Communication Gap Between Dentist and Physician

Communication between a dentist and physician can be frustrating, especially when trying to obtain medical clearance for surgery. Dentists might expect certain responses from physicians and vice versa, but breakdowns usually occur due to a difference in guiding principles. Part of bridging this gap and reducing risk is first understanding the limitations of both sides.

What Are the Physician’s Limitations?

There are many gaps in the physician’s knowledge when it comes to dental implant treatment:

  • Limited dental training in medical school curriculum: Medical doctors aren’t up to date on the most recent dental literature, so the requisite information for making clearances must be included in medical clearance forms.
  • Unfamiliarity with specific surgical techniques and anatomical risks: Physicians are used to completely different operating rooms with different surgical principles. Risk calculations in medical procedures are made knowing exactly what kind of resuscitation devices will be on hand.
  • Limited understanding of implant-specific complications: Implant-specific complications range from nerve damage, to sinus perforation, to bleeding risks — but not all physicians will be aware of this. Furthermore, there isn’t a lot of familiarity with dental techniques for hemostatic control during implant procedures, and this can negatively influence medical clearance when it doesn’t need to be.

Medical clearance from the physician’s perspective focuses on systemic health, not dental procedure details. To get the accurate medical clearance, it’s therefore crucial for the dentist to provide as much information as possible via the medical clearance form.

What Are the Dentist’s Limitations?

Breakdowns on the dental side often stem from gaps in the medical evaluation workflow. Physicians rely heavily on detailed procedural information and typically assume that a dentist requesting clearance has already completed a thorough assessment. In practice, however, this is not always the case. Understanding the difference between physician expectations and the realities of dental practice limitations helps clarify where these disconnects occur. Here’s a look at physician’s assumptions vs. the occasional reality of the dentist’s limitations:

Physician’s Assumptions Reality
Comprehensive medical history evaluation has been done, including reviewing all conditions, allergies and family history Often limited to a brief questionnaire
Dentist has conducted thorough disease control evaluation, including recent HbA1c, bone density, disease activity May lack access to recent lab values
Complete medication review has been done, including all prescriptions, OTC, supplements with doses Patients forget OTC/supplements and provide incomplete dosing
Specialist coordination has already taken place, such as consultation with the cardiologist, endocrinologist, rheumatologist, etc. Dentist is requesting clearance as the coordination

When it comes to coordination with specialists, physicians generally assume that patients have already been appropriately evaluated by anesthesiologists and any relevant specialists before a clearance request is made. Dentists, however, may not always recognize that clearance from a primary care physician alone is not necessarily sufficient. Rather than relying on a single approval, dentists should ask the patient’s physician to identify when additional specialist evaluation is warranted.

Another common gap involves assessing the current stage or severity of a patient’s systemic disease. A diagnosis listed on an intake form does not fully capture clinical risk. Take congestive heart failure as an example: While it may be documented as a relative contraindication, functional status varies widely. A patient in Class I has no limitation in physical activity and may not require additional clearance, whereas a patient in Class III has symptoms with minimal exertion and may require a higher level of care, such as performing the procedure in a hospital setting for safety.

What Not to Do When Requesting Medical Clearance

The first thing dentists should never do when requesting medical clearance is send a patient over to the physician when they have an absolute contraindication. An absolute contraindication is a medical condition or circumstance that poses a life-threatening risk or fatal consequence for the person undergoing a procedure or treatment. In the context of dental implant treatment, absolute contraindications include, but are not limited to:

  • Recent myocardial infarction (within 6 weeks) or cerebrovascular accident/stroke (within 6 months)
  • Unstable angina, decompensated heart failure, or uncontrolled arrhythmia
  • Severe immunosuppression or active chemotherapy
  • High-dose IV antiresorptives for malignancy with established medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)
  • Uncontrolled bleeding disorder or inability to adjust anticoagulation when essential
  • Active, untreated oral infection at the planned implant site

If sending a request for clearance with one of these conditions present, no physician should give approval, and therefore no procedure should take place for the patient’s safety.

Relative contraindications are what physicians are looking for. The list of these types of conditions is long, and evolving, but some common relative contraindications include:

  • Poorly controlled diabetes (e.g., A1C > 8–9%)
  • Long-term oral bisphosphonates or Prolia® for osteoporosis without MRONJ
  • Heavy smoking or vaping (e.g., > 10–15 cigarettes/day)
  • Moderate immunosuppression (chronic steroids, biologics)
  • Osteoporosis with significant frailty or malnutrition
  • Limited oral hygiene capability or poor plaque control

These are situations in which the benefits of proceeding with the procedure may still outweigh the associated risks; however, the decision to perform any procedure ultimately rests with the dentist. Given the significant liability involved, obtaining thorough and appropriate medical clearance is essential. Verbal clearance obtained through a phone conversation with a physician is not sufficient and should not be relied upon.

Fax communication can be appropriate when addressing narrow, well-defined clinical questions on specific medical issues. But for more complex patients or situations that require a broader assessment, a comprehensive office visit should be available as an option. Including the possibility of a scheduled visit in the initial clearance request helps ensure a more thorough and defensible evaluation. It’s important to understand that physicians manage a high daily volume of faxes, prescription refills and patient portal messages, increasing the risk of oversight due to time constraints. As well, a patient’s clinical status may have changed since their last primary care visit, so relying solely on faxed clearance can miss new or evolving risks.

Fax communication is inherently limited in its ability to convey nuanced clinical information, making it insufficient for more complex medical considerations. For these reasons, using faxed requests as the default method for obtaining clearance is not recommended, as they often fail to support a thorough and defensible evaluation.

With knowledge of what not to do, the next section will look at recommendations from physicians for creating a smooth and efficient medical clearance process.

Recommendations from a Physician for Getting Medical Clearance

Requesting medical clearance may seem like tedious work, but it’s absolutely essential to have before performing any type of elective dental procedures. It’s a key part of protecting dentists from a legal perspective, so the better the medical clearance standard operating procedures in place, the more likely you are to avoid legal ramifications. The first step in getting a safe, repeatable workflow in place is understanding what physicians are looking for.

1. Have Patient Schedule an In-Person Visit

Medical clearance requires thorough patient assessment that can’t always be done just by fax or phone call. That’s why the most important first step should include consideration for the patient to schedule an appointment with their doctor. In-office visits have so many benefits:

  • Allows exhaustive review of patient’s medical issues
  • Physicians can assess specific concerns that prompted clearance request
  • Additional testing can be ordered if required
  • Comprehensive evaluation of surgical risk factors
  • Direct patient-physician communication
  • Covered as a billable office visit

Because physicians may not have seen the patient for an extended period, a faxed request may not reflect recent changes in the patient’s medical history since their last office visit. Having that direct contact is the best way to reassess their systemic conditions.

2. Provide Clear, Procedure-Specific Information for Medical Clearance

One of the worst things a dentist can do is send the patient over with a prescription form that simply says, “Please clear my patient for surgery.” There’s critical information that should always be included to ensure the patient is safe for a procedure:

1.      Procedure details

-Procedure description

-Duration

-Estimated blood loss

-Anesthesia type

2.      Patient- and medication-related information

-Anticoagulation plan (continue/hold/restart)

-Key medications and peri-/post-op adjustments

-Relevant medical conditions

-Pre-op parameters to be optimized

In addition to the information listed above, it’s also recommended to include a closing statement requesting medical clearance with the overall risk assessment. An example of this type of statement is something to the effect of: “Given all the above, do you consider the patient an acceptable candidate for this planned procedure, and under what conditions (if any) would you advise deferring or modifying treatment?”

For a medical clearance form that has all of this built in, use Dr. Randolph Resnik’s form that’s free to download on his website.

Provide Clear, Procedure-Specific Information for Medical Clearance

3. Provide Physicians with Evidence-Based Dental Literature

As implant practitioners, you are most familiar with the current evidence-based principles that guide your procedures. Including the most up-to-date dental literature with a medical clearance request is therefore one of the best ways to bridge knowledge gaps for physicians.

There are many scenarios that would warrant the inclusion of up-to-date dental literature for more accurate clearance, but some common situations include:

  • Any patient on anticoagulation therapy.
  • Diabetic patients that have other related medical conditions
  • Patient with osteoporosis on IV or PO bisphosphonates therapy
  • Patient with recent myocardial infarction within three to six months or coronary stent within past year

This post will highlight other systemic conditions and drug interactions later, but these are common scenarios some physicians who don’t often clear for implant procedures might be unfamiliar with.

It can’t be stressed enough: Providing physicians with literature enables better, safer outcomes for medically complex patients. Helpful resources physicians recommend include epocrates, a medical application great for checking drug interactions and accessing comprehensive drug monographs, and Perplexity, a free AI-powered search engine that sources verified evidence.  

4. Understand and Inform Patients of the Risks

Understand and Inform Patients of the Risks

The last point of emphasis is that medical clearance addresses systemic risks only and does not shield against malpractice in dental implant surgery. Consider the following:

Dentists Remain Fully Responsible For: Examples of Issues not Covered by Medical Clearance:
  • -Surgical technique and execution
  • -Informed consent process
  • -Proper diagnosis and treatment planning
  • -Management of dental complications
  • -Standard of care in implant placement
  • -Nerve injury during implant placement
  • -Sinus perforation or maxillary sinus issues
  • -Improper implant positioning or angulation
  • -Malpractice claims for dental injuries (nerve damage, sinus perforation and implant failure)

With every medical clearance I send back to dentists, I include the following statement:

“Although the recommendations may support that the patients’ medical conditions can tolerate the surgery with temporary discontinuation of certain medications, patients must understand that some risks cannot be fully eliminated when undergoing this procedure. These recommendations are provided with the understanding that each patient’s situation is unique, and decisions should consider variables such as the type and duration of surgery, the anesthesia used, anticipated blood loss and other individual factors.”

It’s essential that dentists inform patients about all potential risks and benefits, as well as make them aware of any available alternative treatments. And as always, please exercise your best clinical judgement in light of these considerations.

Systemic Conditions: A Medical vs. Dental Perspective

Now that you know the best practices for requesting medical clearance, it’s time to take a comprehensive look at when it’s indicated. This section will identify and elaborate on the common systemic conditions related to medical clearance for dental implant surgery, as well as the various risk thresholds that physicians are looking for.

Hypertension

Elevated blood pressure readings are something that can be misunderstood by physicians, since they don’t think of it in the context of dental procedures. In the context of major surgery, physicians ideally want blood pressures lower than 140/90, as their accounting for general anesthesia, prolonged surgical durations, possibilities of internal bleeding, and high cardiovascular stress. Dental procedures on the other hand have:

  • Local anesthesia
  • Shorter durations
  • External bleeding (easier hemostatic control)

Just be sure to share dental-specific guidelines with physicians when obtaining clearance so they don't reject the procedure. Blood pressure often rises during dental procedures due to anxiety and procedural stress, and patients may tolerate higher blood pressures during brief dental implant surgery than would be acceptable for longer medical surgical procedures; however, you must confirm with the physician that the patient can safely tolerate transient blood pressure elevations and establish a specific upper limit (such as systolic < 180 mmHg and diastolic < 110 mmHg) at which the procedure should be postponed or discontinued. The physician should document the acceptable blood pressure range for the specific patient based on their cardiovascular status, as dental-specific literature may support proceeding at levels that differ from standard medical surgical cutoffs.

Physician’s Tip:

Managing Elevated Blood Pressure During Dental Implant Surgery

Blood Pressure Thresholds Actions When Blood Pressure ≥ 180/110
  • -Mild elevation (SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99): Proceed with close monitoring.
  • -Moderate elevation (SBP 160–179 or DBP 100–109): Reassess, reduce anxiety, repeat measurement.
  • -Severe elevation (SBP ≥180 or DBP ≥110): Halt procedure immediately.
  • -Critical (BP ≥180/120 + additional symptoms): Call 911 and monitor your patient until emergency services arrive.
  1. Stop the procedure immediately.
  2. Have patient rest in a calm environment for 10–15 minutes.
  3. Repeat blood pressure measurement with proper technique.
  • -If blood pressure remains ≥180/110 on repeat: Contact patient’s physician immediately for guidance before proceeding.
  • -Document all readings and communications.
  • -Reschedule if physician recommends deferral.

Diabetes

The most critical point regarding the medical clearance of diabetic patients for dental implant candidates is a single A1C measures glycemic control on the day of the test only. Just because a patient presents with a favorable result of < 7%, that number doesn’t tell the whole story. Dentists should ask about:

  • Duration of diabetes
  • Historical A1C trends (legacy effect)
  • Existing end-organ damage (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease)
  • Recent major glucose fluctuations.

Past poor control causes cumulative vascular and immune damage that affects healing regardless of the current A1C reading.

It’s also important to understand that physicians individualize therapy now for diabetic patients, meaning the quality measure cutoff for patients with poor glycemic control can be acceptable up to 9%. Most clinicians prefer < 7–8%, but the reality is some patients may never get better than 8–9%. These cases can be now classed as moderately controlled instead of poorly controlled, so dentists should coordinate with the physician and optimize control per the individual.

Additionally, when physicians think in terms of medical surgery clearance, the focus is on systemic perioperative risk and acute complications, as well as short-term perioperative periods of days to weeks. Dental implant success, however, requires sustained glycemic control over months, not just day-of-surgery management, and physicians may not understand this critical difference.

Physician’s Tip:

Recommendations for Diabetes Management during Surgery

With Sedation (NPO) Without Sedation (Normal Intake)
Day of Surgery
- Hold oral hypoglycemics (sulfonylureas, metformin) morning of surgery
Insulin: 50–70% of usual dose or sliding scale

- NPO status 6–8 hours pre-op

- Monitor glucose 1–2 hours intra-op
Target: 100–180 mg/dL

- Adjust post-op for reduced intake due to pain
Day of Surgery
- Continue oral medications with breakfast
Insulin: normal dose if eating normally

- Normal food intake

- Monitor glucose pre-op and post-op
Target: 90–180 mg/dL

For post-op monitoring in both scenarios, perform frequent glucose checks if pain limits post-op intake and resume medications as tolerated with a soft diet for 24–48 hours. Call the physician if:

  • Glucose < 70 mg/dL (shakiness, confusion, sweating)
  • Glucose > 240 mg/dL (persistent hyperglycemia)
  • Signs of infection or poor healing

To make monitoring easier, it’s helpful for diabetic patients undergoing these procedures to have a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). These allow for real-time glucose monitoring before, during and after surgery, and help dentists maintain tighter perioperative control for fewer infections and better healing. See below for the best practices when using a CGM for dental implant surgery:

Diabetes

Cardiovascular

Just because a patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI), they can’t all be classified the same. When determining if a patient needs clearance, it’s imperative that the dentist know the different classifications of MI:

Universal Definition Types ECG-Based Anatomy-Based Pathologic

Type 1: Spontaneous MI (atherosclerotic plaque rupture)

Type 2: Supply-demand mismatch

Type 3: Sudden cardiac death (presumed MI)

Type 4a: PCI-related

Type 4b: Stent thrombosis

Type 4c: Restenosis

Type 5: CABG-related

STEMI
(ST elevation)

NSTEMI
(non-ST elevation)

Anterior

Inferior

Lateral

Posterior

Right ventricular

Transmural
(full thickness)

Subendocardial
(inner layer)

Guidelines are constantly evolving when it comes to safe treatment timing post-MI. Here’s a helpful chart that outlines the various timings of dental implant surgery, though physicians and cardiologists should always be consulted for patient-specific clearances:

Cardiovascular

Important Caution: All timing is illustrative and not a guideline as each patient is unique and specific timing should be individualized by treating cardiologist or primary care based on current guidelines and patient status.

When it comes to post-MI risk management for implant surgeries, invasiveness and anesthesia are important considerations. Short office-based procedures using local anesthesia are much lower stress than deep sedation cases. The dentist is always responsible for minimizing stress, monitoring vitals, and being prepared to abort if cardiac symptoms arise. And under no circumstances should the dentist stop antiplatelet therapy without specialist approval, as it’s a sever thrombotic risk.

Physician’s tip:

Considerations for Patients with Prosthetic Valves

Mechanical Bioprosthetic/Tissue

Acute post-op: Warfarin (VKA) INR 2.5–3.5 months + Aspirin

Long-term: Lifelong VKA + Aspirin

Acute post-op: VKA INR 2–3 or DAPT 3–6 months

Long-term: Aspirin only (no VKA unless AF/other)

Mechanical valves aren’t used much anymore, but patients with bioprosthetic valves aren’t much of an issue for clearance for implant procedures.

Osteoporosis

If osteoporosis is stable and the planned procedure is minor, most physicians are not trained to recognize the implant‑specific risks of bisphosphonate therapy; from a medical‑surgical standpoint there are few contraindications, so they may underestimate the drug‑related hazards unique to dental implant surgery.

However, as dentists know, there are hidden jaw-specific risks:

  • Antiresorptive effect accumulates in the jawbone
  • Invasive implants/extractions can trigger MRONJ
  • Higher risk with IV doses, long duration, steroids, diabetes
  • Osteonecrosis can appear months to years after implant placement

Physicians focus on fracture risk and systemic safety, not jawbone remodeling or implant osseointegration. They’re also unfamiliar with MRONJ, especially when it comes to IV bisphosphonates or long-term/high-dose oral bisphosphonates as it relates to dental surgery outcomes. It is crucial that dentists provide evidence-based literature for physicians in these cases.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Physicians use the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria for COPD patients: 

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Diagnosis: Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 + symptoms/exacerbations (Groups A, B, E)

Using these criteria, the typical implant clearance guide for physicians goes as follows:

  • Mild – Moderate (Gold 1–2, Group A/B, stable): Usually fine for office-based implant surgery; ensure inhalers, avoid oversedation, monitor SpO2
  • Severe (Gold 3, stable): Proceed only if optimized; short visits, local anesthesia, pulse oximetry, consider pulmonary review
  • Very Severe/Unstable (GOLD 4 or Group E, recent exacerbation or home 02): Defer elective implants or use hospital operating room after optimization

Medications that Physicians Identify as Risk Factors for Medical Clearance

As with systemic conditions, there are gaps in knowledge between dentists and physicians that can negatively affect medical clearance. The medications outlined in this section are the most common ones physicians see in clearance requests for implant patients starting with anesthesia.

Anesthesia

When requesting clearance, physicians need to know exactly what type of anesthesia you plan to use because it directly affects systemic risk and monitoring needs, and many are not fully familiar with the potential adverse reactions to specific dental anesthetic agents and sedation regimens. A clear description of the planned local anesthetic, vasoconstrictor, and any oral or IV sedation helps them recognize cardiovascular, respiratory, or drug–drug interaction risks that they might otherwise overlook.

The most important thing to note is that all anesthesia options require preoperative vital signs, informed consent and appropriate monitoring capabilities. Let’s look at the key anesthesia considerations:

Physician Considerations by Anesthesia Type

Local Anesthesia IV Sedation Nitrous Oxide Sedation

- History of allergic reactions to local anesthetics (amide vs. ester type)?

- Cardiovascular status (uncontrolled hypertension, recent MI, arrhythmias)?

- Epinephrine tolerance

- Methemoglobinemia risk (G6PD deficiency?)

- Hepatic function for drug metabolism?

- Respiratory function (COPD, sleep apnea, baseline O2 saturation)?

- Cardiovascular stability (blood pressure control, cardiac reserve)?

- Hepatic and renal function (drug clearance and metabolism)?

- CNS medication interactions (benzodiazepines, other sedatives)?

- History of difficult airway or aspiration risk?

- ASA classification and overall medical stability?

- Pulmonary disease limiting oxygen delivery?

- Vitamin B12 deficiency or pernicious anemia?

- Recent middle ear surgery or active ear infection?

- Severe COPD with carbon dioxide retention?

- Inactivates B12 causing neurotoxicity

Epinephrine is a common local anesthetic used in dentistry, but physicians don’t think of this drug in the same terms. Physicians think epinephrine is mostly for treating severe allergies and asthma attacks, and as part of CPR. Because of this, physicians are relying on dentists to share epinephrine interactions with things like non-selective beta blockers, tricyclic antidepressants and amphetamines so that they can make informed modifications to patient drug use before surgery.

If there is cause for concern regarding the use of epinephrine in dental implant surgery, consider these common physician concerns vs. the clinical reality:

Anesthesia

Physician input is valuable and should always be considered. Controlled patients can safely receive small doses of epinepherine (1–2 cartridges 1:100,000). Avoiding it may cause more physiological stress than using it, as laid out in the graphic above.

Hypertension medications are another area where considerations must be made regarding anesthesia interactions (see below). Best practice, though, is to continue blood pressure medications on the day of surgery and monitor vitals closely during sedation. Coordinate with the physician only for poorly controlled hypertension, e.g. blood pressure > 160/100.

physician only for poorly controlled hypertension

Anticoagulants

The first thing dentists need to do when seeing anticoagulants on the medical intake form is ask themselves why the patient is on them. Here are the common indications by medication class:

1.      Aspirin:

a.      Secondary prevention after MI

b.     Stable coronary artery disease

c.      Stroke or TIA prevention in high-risk patients

d.     Peripheral arterial disease

2.      Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT):

a.      Recent coronary stent placement (DES/BMS)

b.     Acute coronary syndrome (NSTEMI/STEMI)

c.      Certain high-risk coronary artery disease patients

3.      Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs):

a.      Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (stroke prevention)

b.     Treatment and secondary prevention of DVT/PE

4.      Warfarin (Coumadin):

a.      Mechanical heart valves

b.     Atrial fibrillation with valvular disease

c.      History of DVT/PE or thrombophilia

d.     Certain cardiomyopathies or LV thrombus

Due to the range of indications for anticoagulants, dentists should always seek specific recommendations from the patient’s physician before altering antithrombotic therapy for dental procedures. Managing anticoagulants takes a collaborative approach, so dentists are encouraged to share evidence-based dental guidelines with the physician. This lets physicians understand why modification of these medications needs to occur, and what kind of restart plan is most reasonable for the patient post-op.

How to Approach Medical Clearance for Patients on Anticoagulants

Key question to physician:
- “Are there any conditions that would make it unsafe to interrupt anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy during dental implant surgery?”
Evidence-based recommendations:

- Aspirin/single antiplatelet: Generally continue (low bleeding risk, high thrombotic risk if stopped)

- DAPT: Usually continue (mild-moderate bleeding manageable with hemostatic measures)

- DOACs: Procedure- and patient-dependent; may pause 1–3 days for complex surgery (coordinate with physician)

High-risk conditions for stopping anticoagulation:

- Recent stent placement (< 6 months)

- Acute coronary syndrome (< 12 months)

- High thrombotic risk (AF with CHADS-VASc ≥ 4)

- Recent stroke/TIA

- Mechanical heart valves

Biologics

Just like dentists, physicians are concerned about infection as a result of taking patients off biologics before surgical procedures. For major medical surgeries, the standard physician approach is to put a hold pre-operatively with a drug holiday of 2–8 weeks depending on the medication half-life. For dental implant procedures, the literature is still conflicted, but what tends to work are the following recommendations:

  • For routine procedures (single implant, minimal flap, good host factors), continue biologics
  • For major implant surgery (multiple implants, sinus lift, block grafts), consider timing at the end of the patient’s dosing cycle (lowest drug levels)
  • Restart after healing is evident (~14 days, no infection)

No matter the level of the procedure, dentists should never modify biologics without physician approval. These medications are very case-specific, based on factors including: medication type, disease severity, infection risk, procedure extent, and drug half-life. Here’s a look at common biologic classes and their half-lives:

  • TNF inhibitors

o   Humira® (adalimumab): 6–8 weeks

o   Enbrel® (etanercept): 2 weeks

o   Remicade® (infliximab): 4–6 weeks

  • IL-17 inhibitors

o   Cosentyx® (secukinumab): 4 weeks

  • IL-12/23 and IL-23 inhibitors

o   Stelara® (ustekinumab): 12 weeks

o   Tremfya® (guselkumab): 8 weeks

  • JAK inhibitors

o   Xeljanz® (tofacitinib): 1–2 weeks

o   Rinvoq® (upadacitinib): 1–2 weeks

A common approach physicians might take to accommodate for the variation in drug half-lives is to stop one full dosing interval before major implant surgery for each biologic, with consideration for a longer hold where there’s a high risk for infection or poor wound healing. Restart guidance is typically 10–14 days or later after uncomplicated surgery when the wound is well healed and there are no signs of infection.

Bisphosphonates

There’s a natural knowledge gap that can occur around osteoporosis medications because physicians might not even know if a patient is on them. Often times bisphosphonates are prescribed by specialists like gynecologists, rheumatologists and endocrinologists, and infrequent dosing causes patients to forget and not list them on intake forms. Since dentists are the first point of contact in the clearance process for implant procedures, it’s critical to always ask patients specifically about osteoporosis medications before sending them to the physician.

Dentists also need to be able to identify patients undergoing bisphosphonate therapy with higher-risk comorbidities, like:

  • Diabetes (especially poorly controlled)
  • Obesity
  • Active smoking
  • Cancer
  • Chronic corticosteroid use
  • Chemotherapy
  • Immunosuppressive drugs
  • Significant periodontal disease

For any patient, changes should never be made to systemic therapy without consulting the physician. Here’s some key guidance regarding bisphosphonates and dental implants:

Oral Bisphosphonates IV Bisphosphonates

Routine Protocol: For patients on oral bisphosphonates for osteoporosis, routine drug holidays before dental implant surgery are not generally recommended if they’ve been on the medication less than four years.

Higher-Risk Protocol: In higher-risk cases (long-term therapy and additional systemic risks), some oral surgery sources discuss a 2–3 month pause before through healing.

Routine Protocol: Elective dental implant placement is often discouraged in these patients and any decision about pausing, timing, or restarting these medications must be made solely by the prescribing oncologist or bone-health specialist.

What to Do When a Physician Changes a Medication

A common question that gets asked by dentists is, “What do I do when a physician changes a medication that was not necessary?” Here’s a simple step-by-step protocol dentists can do in these scenarios:

  1. Confirm the change: Review the chart and Rx history first, and clarify the indication and who initiated the drug.
  2. Assess dental impact: Check the effects on bleeding, healing and infection risk. Then compare the old vs. new drug for procedure safety.
  3. Coordinate with MD: Share dental findings clearly and agree on a plan together. Always document the decision making as well.
  4. Document and educate: Record the change, risks and discussion with the physician, and explain any risks with the patient.

Modifications may occur, but that doesn’t mean communication has to stop there. Stay in touch with the physician to understand the rationale for any decision they’ve made.

Other Issues Physicians Consider for Medical Clearance

The most common systemic diseases and medications have been covered. This section will provide insights on other emerging issues physicians that can impact medical clearance for dental implants, starting with GLP-1 drugs.

GLP-1 Drug Use

GLP-1 drugs are becoming more common for weight loss, but they present an aspiration risk during sedation. There are some guidelines for when to use extra caution for sedation:

  1. First 12 weeks of GLP-1 therapy or during dose escalation; gastric emptying effects are strongest, higher aspiration concern with IV sedation or deep anesthesia
  2. Any patient with symptoms of gastroparesis (nausea, early fullness, vomiting, abdominal bloating); treat as higher aspiration risk
  3. Consider stopping GLP-1 about one week before elective sedated dental implant procedures in these higher-risk patients after discussing with the prescribing physician
GLP-1 Drug Use

The key thing to remember is to balance aspiration risk against loss of glycemic and weight control. Do not change GLP-1 dosing without coordinating with the patient’s endocrinologist or primary physician. 

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

10–15% of adults use antidepressants, the majority of which are SSRIs. Dentists are generally aware of the risk factors of these drugs on implants, but physician’s might not be in the context of these procedures.

Despite the modest risks, SSRIs still provide more benefit to psychiatric stability of patients. It’s generally advised to not stop routine SSRI use before implant surgery and rather treat it as informed consent on the potential complications with the patient undergoing the procedure. The best way to proceed is to inform patients of the risk possibilities while optimizing local and systemic factors. Additionally, dentists can consider staged loading and more frequent follow-ups post-op.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

PPIs are another class of drug associated with higher dental implant failure risk. Given the potential risk, it’s reasonable to request that a physician might switch the patient over to an H2 blocker like famotidine (40 mg/day) for several months. However, this modification may not be appropriate for patients with Barrett’s esophagus, bleeding ulcers, or severe GERD.

Alcohol and Smoking

The adverse effects of alcohol and smoking on implant survival are well-known. It’s essential to screen all patients effectively, so physicians recommend using an AUDIT-3 screening test in dental practices. For example:

Alcohol and Smoking

Score each question 0–4. For total scores: 0–1 is low risk, 2–3 is rising risk, 4+ is higher risk. Always follow up if scores are 4 or higher. If you want to start cessation with the patient, don’t do it without coordinating with the physician first.

Joint Replacement and Antibiotic Prophylaxis

For geriatric patients who are more likely to have had joint replacements, it’s another important consideration for medical clearance. Current guidance from the ADA and AAOS says that routine systemic antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures in patients with prosthetic joints is generally not recommended as there’s no clear reduction in prosthetic joint infection with routine dental antibiotics.

Antibiotics should be considered in high-risk patients such as those with the following:

  • History of prior prosthetic join infection
  • Severely immunocompromised (chemotherapy, uncontrolled HIV, high-dose steroids, and some biologics)
  • Poorly controlled diabetes or other serious systemic risk factors as advised by the orthopedic surgeon

The decision should always be made jointly by the dentist, orthopedic surgeon or primary physician and patient.

Medical Clearance from a Physician: Frequently Asked Questions

What is medical clearance for dental implant surgery?

Medical clearance for dental implant surgery is a request for a physician’s evaluation to determine if a patient is medically safe for the planned procedure. It requires a medical clearance form that gets sent to the patient’s physician, which lets them evaluate the planned procedure and provide their opinion on whether the patient is systemically stable enough to proceed. Medical clearance modifies risk and is not a justification for treatment. The dentist is responsible for any decisions and treatment he or she provides to the patient, as no patient is completely free of risk when undergoing a procedure.

When does medical clearance expire?

There is no fixed legal expiration for medical clearance. Medical clearance from a physician stays valid when the patient’s diagnosis, medications, and overall status are unchanged, and the most recent findings match the prior note. Medical clearance does need updating when a new diagnosis or hospitalization occurs, new medications have been started or old medications have been stopped, or there’s been a significant change in cardiac, pulmonary, or bleeding risk. 

Can medical clearance be done through fax or email?

Medical clearance through fax was once standard operating procedure, but this practice should no longer be observed due to the inadequacy of the communication, lack of patient evaluation, and security risks. An in-person visit between patients and their physicians is the most effective method of getting medical clearance for dental implant procedures.

Approach Medical Clearance for Dental Implant Procedures with Confidence

Medical clearance for dental implants shouldn’t be a game of chance, but that doesn’t mean clinicians can’t approach it with confidence. The bottom line from a physician’s perspective is this: When dentists and physicians share critical information, dental implant surgery becomes safer and more predictable for patients. Always be sure to:

  • Provide exact implant procedure details and planned anesthesia
  • Explain how dental surgery risks differ from general surgery
  • Collaborate so the physician can make an informed, evidence-based decision

And don’t forget that medical clearance from a physician is not a guarantee of safety, not permission to ignore new symptoms, and not a substitute for a dentist’s best judgement. Always re-evaluate patients on the day of treatment and don’t hesitate to communicate any concerns back to the physician. For more insights on all things dental education, check out the resources available through Glidewell Clinical Education, ranging from free webinars, to magazine articles, to online CE courses.

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